#MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES IN REVOLT UPDATE#

In Egypt and Jordan, the Muslim Brotherhood supported political candidates in parliamentary elections. forces in 2003 created a power vacuum in which Al-Qaeda in Iraq took root. In Iraq, the overthrow of Saddam Hussein by U.S. In the early 2000s, both of these revolutionary impulses gained strength and began to break out across the Middle East. Qutb’s followers branched out in two main directions: some followed the Muslim Brotherhood, which organized political parties and social welfare societies in several Arab countries others followed more violent Jihadists and joined Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, and other extremist groups in guerrilla warfare and terrorism. The second stemmed from the radical Islamist writings of Sayyid Qutb, who condemned Western materialism and advocated the rebirth of Arab societies that would be governed by Islamic principles. One stemmed from the tradition of western constitutional revolutions and the Arab socialist revolutions of the 1950s this was for secular democratic regimes that would end corruption and deliver the benefits of modern economic growth to the masses. Yet otherwise the remaining monarchies and the new military authoritarian regimes throughout the region seemed to hold firm all the way through the end of the twentieth century.īehind this stability, however, there remained two revolutionary impulses. This was interrupted by the Islamic Republican Revolution against the Shah of Iran in 1979. In the 1970s, however, Middle Eastern regimes appeared to settle down for a long and stable period of authoritarian rule. These decades also saw numerous revolutionary coup d’etats in Iraq, Syria, and other Arab nations, as well as the defeat of the Parliamentary regime of Mohammed Mossadegh by the Shah of Iran. Muammar Gaddafi, the 14 July Revolution in Iraq that overthrew the Hashemite monarchy, and the Algerian Revolution of 1954-1962 against French colonial rule.

These decades included the Egyptian Nationalist Revolution of 1952 led by Gamal Abdul Nasser, the September 1 Revolution in Libya led by Col. The Arab world reeled from revolutions during the 1950s and 1960s.

#MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES IN REVOLT UPDATE#

The Essential Readings series works to regularly update its catalog of publications to keep them current.] Goldstone in 2018, also published on Jadaliyya and MESPI. This text is an updated version of an Essential Readings contribution from Jack A. To check out other publications and events from the Ten Years On project visit The Arab Uprisings Project and MESPI.

[This Essential Readings belongs to ASI and MESPI’s year-long effort to mark, interrogate, and reflect on the Arab uprisings by producing resources for educators, researchers, students, and journalists to understand the last decade of political upheaval historically and in the lived present. Essential Readings: Revolutions in the Contemporary Middle East

Middle eastern countries in revolt